| Landmark name | Synonyms | Description | PartOf | Bibliography |
| Acromial_edge_L | LMK_SAE_L | Point located beetween SAA and SAT on the edge of the acromion ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_scapula | |
| Acromial_edge_R | LMK_SAE_R | Point located beetween SAA and SAT on the edge of the acromion ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_scapula | |
| Acromial_tip_L | LMK_SAT_L | Lateral angle of the anterior tip of the acromion (so not the flat tip) ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_scapula | |
| Acromial_tip_R | LMK_SAT_R | Lateral angle of the anterior tip of the acromion (so not the flat tip) ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_scapula | |
| Acromioclavicular_joint_L | LMK_SAJ_L | Closest point to CAJ on the Scapula ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_scapula | |
| Acromioclavicular_joint_R | LMK_SAJ_R | Closest point to CAJ on the Scapula ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_scapula | |
| Angulus_acromialis_of_left_scapula | Angulus_acromialis_of_scapula_L, Scapula_SAA_L, AA_L | most laterodorsal point of the scapula ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_scapula | |
| Angulus_acromialis_of_right_scapula | Angulus_acromialis_of_scapula_R, Scapula_SAA_R, AA_R | most laterodorsal point of the scapula ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_scapula | |
| Angulus_inferior_of_left_scapula | Angulus_inferior_of_scapula_L, Scapula_SIA_L, AI_L | most caudal point of the scapula ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_scapula | |
| Angulus_inferior_of_right_scapula | Angulus_inferior_of_scapula_R, Scapula_SIA_R, AI_R | most caudal point of the scapula ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_scapula | |
| Anterior_aspect_of_rib_2_R | LMK_RA2_R | Anterior aspect of the rib | Right_second_rib | |
| Anterior_aspect_of_rib_3_R | LMK_RA3_R | Anterior aspect of the rib | Right_third_rib | |
| Anterior_aspect_of_rib_4_R | LMK_RA4_R | Anterior aspect of the rib | Right_fourth_rib | |
| Anterior_aspect_of_rib_5_R | LMK_RA5_R | Anterior aspect of the rib | Right_fifth_rib | |
| Anterior_concavity_of_the_Clavicle_L | LMK_CAA_L | Anterior concavity of the Clavicle ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_clavicle | |
| Anterior_concavity_of_the_Clavicle_R | LMK_CAA_R | Anterior concavity of the Clavicle ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_clavicle | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_left_eighth_rib | Ins_r08L, Extremity_head_of_the_eighth_left_rib, Anterior_Left_Rib_8 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_eighth_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_left_eleventh_rib | Ins_r11L, Extremity_head_of_the_eleventh_left_rib, Anterior_Left_Rib_11 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_eleventh_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_left_fifth_rib | Ins_r05L, Extremity_head_of_the_fifth_left_rib, Anterior_Left_Rib_5 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_fifth_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_left_first_rib | Ins_r01L, Extremity_head_of_the_first_left_rib, Anterior_Left_Rib_1 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_first_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_left_fourth_rib | Ins_r04L, Extremity_head_of_the_fourth_left_rib, Anterior_Left_Rib_4 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_fourth_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_left_ninth_rib | Ins_r09L, Extremity_head_of_the_ninth_left_rib, Anterior_Left_Rib_9 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_ninth_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_left_second_rib | Ins_r02L, Extremity_head_of_the_second_left_rib, Anterior_Left_Rib_2 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_second_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_left_seventh_rib | Ins_r07L, Extremity_head_of_the_seventh_left_rib, Anterior_Left_Rib_7 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_seventh_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_left_sixth_rib | Ins_r06L, Extremity_head_of_the_sixth_left_rib, Anterior_Left_Rib_6 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_sixth_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_left_tenth_rib | Ins_r10L, Extremity_head_of_the_tenth_left_rib, Anterior_Left_Rib_10 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_tenth_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_left_third_rib | Ins_r03L, Extremity_head_of_the_third_left_rib, Anterior_Left_Rib_3 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_third_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_left_twelfth_rib | Ins_r12L, Extremity_head_of_the_twelfth_left_rib, Anterior_Left_Rib_12 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_twelfth_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_right_eighth_rib | Ins_r08R, Extremity_head_of_the_eighth_right_rib, Anterior_Right_Rib_8 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_eighth_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_right_eleventh_rib | Ins_r11R, Extremity_head_of_the_eleventh_right_rib, Anterior_Right_Rib_11 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_eleventh_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_right_fifth_rib | Ins_r05R, Extremity_head_of_the_fifth_right_rib, Anterior_Right_Rib_5 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_fifth_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_right_first_rib | Ins_r01R, Extremity_head_of_the_first_right_rib, Anterior_Right_Rib_1 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_first_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_right_fourth_rib | Ins_r04R, Extremity_head_of_the_fourth_right_rib, Anterior_Right_Rib_4 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_fourth_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_right_ninth_rib | Ins_r09R, Extremity_head_of_the_ninth_right_rib, Anterior_Right_Rib_9 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_ninth_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_right_second_rib | Ins_r02R, Extremity_head_of_the_second_right_rib, Anterior_Right_Rib_2 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_second_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_right_seventh_rib | Ins_r07R, Extremity_head_of_the_seventh_right_rib, Anterior_Right_Rib_7 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_seventh_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_right_sixth_rib | Ins_r06R, Extremity_head_of_the_sixth_right_rib, Anterior_Right_Rib_6 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_sixth_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_right_tenth_rib | Ins_r10R, Extremity_head_of_the_tenth_right_rib, Anterior_Right_Rib_10 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_tenth_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_right_third_rib | Ins_r03R, Extremity_head_of_the_third_right_rib, Anterior_Right_Rib_3 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_third_rib | |
| Anterior_extremity_of_the_right_twelfth_rib | Ins_r12R, Extremity_head_of_the_twelfth_right_rib, Anterior_Right_Rib_12 | point at the anterior extremity of the rib ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_twelfth_rib | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C3 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C4 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C5 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C6 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C7 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L1 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L2 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L3 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L4 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L5 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T1 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T10 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T11 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T12 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T2 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T3 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T4 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T5 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T6 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T7 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T8 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T9 | | the anterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_nasal_spine | LMK_SNS | Lower spine apex of the nasal cavity ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C2 | LMK_C2LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Axis | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C3 | LMK_C3LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C4 | LMK_C4LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C5 | LMK_C5LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C6 | LMK_C6LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C7 | LMK_C7LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L1 | LMK_L1LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L2 | LMK_L2LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L3 | LMK_L3LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L4 | LMK_L4LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L5 | LMK_L5LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T1 | LMK_T01LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T10 | LMK_T10LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T11 | LMK_T11LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T12 | LMK_T12LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T2 | LMK_T02LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T3 | LMK_T03LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T4 | LMK_T04LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T5 | LMK_T05LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T6 | LMK_T06LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T7 | LMK_T07LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T8 | LMK_T08LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T9 | LMK_T09LowerFrontEnd | Anterior point of the inferior end-plate | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_sacral_plate | VS, Most_anterior_point_sacral_plate | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Pelvic_skeleton | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C3 | VC3, LMK_C3UpperFrontEnd | | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C4 | VC4, LMK_C4UpperFrontEnd | | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C5 | VC5, LMK_C5UpperFrontEnd | | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C6 | VC6, LMK_C6UpperFrontEnd | | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C7 | VC7, LMK_C7UpperFrontEnd | | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L1 | VL1, LMK_L1UpperFrontEnd | | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L2 | VL2, LMK_L2UpperFrontEnd | | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L3 | VL3, LMK_L3UpperFrontEnd | | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L4 | VL4, LMK_L4UpperFrontEnd | | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L5 | VL5, LMK_L5UpperFrontEnd | | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T1 | VT01, LMK_T01UpperFrontEnd | | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T10 | VT10, LMK_T10UpperFrontEnd | | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T11 | VT11, LMK_T11UpperFrontEnd | | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T12 | VT12, LMK_T12UpperFrontEnd | | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T2 | VT02, LMK_T02UpperFrontEnd | | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T3 | VT03, LMK_T03UpperFrontEnd | | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T4 | VT04, LMK_T04UpperFrontEnd | | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T5 | VT05, LMK_T05UpperFrontEnd | | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T6 | VT06, LMK_T06UpperFrontEnd | | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T7 | VT07, LMK_T07UpperFrontEnd | | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T8 | VT08, LMK_T08UpperFrontEnd | | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T9 | VT09, LMK_T09UpperFrontEnd | | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Anterior_tuberosity_of_C2 | LMK_C2AntArch | Point on the anterior tuberosity of the vertebral body just underneath the Odontoid ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Axis | |
| Apex_of_the_styloid_process_of_the_left_fibula | FAX_L, Fibula_FAX_L | | Left_fibula | |
| Apex_of_the_styloid_process_of_the_right_fibula | FAX_R, Fibula_FAX_R | | Right_fibula | |
| Center_Sacral_Plate | | Center of the sacral plate ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sacrum | |
| Center_atlanto_occipital_joint | | the middle of left and right atlanto occipital joints ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Center_depression_of_left_radial_head | Center_depression_of_radial_head_L, Radius_RHE_L | bottom of the depresion of the proximal radial head ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_radius | |
| Center_depression_of_right_radial_head | Center_depression_of_radial_head_R, Radius_RHE_R | bottom of the depresion of the proximal radial head ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_radius | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_C1 | | Center of the lower plate of the first cervical vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Atlas | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_C2 | | Center of the lower plate of the second cervical vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Axis | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_C3 | LMK_C3LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the third cervical vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_C4 | LMK_C4LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the fourth cervical vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_C5 | LMK_C5LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the fifth cervical vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_C6 | LMK_C6LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the sixth cervical vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_C7 | LMK_C7LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the seventh cervical vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_L1 | LMK_L1LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the first lumbar vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_L2 | LMK_L2LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the second lumbar vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_L3 | LMK_L3LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the third lumbar vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_L4 | LMK_L4LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the fourth lumbar vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_L5 | LMK_L5LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the fifth lumbar vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_T1 | LMK_T01LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the first thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_T10 | LMK_T10LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the tenth thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_T11 | LMK_T11LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the eleventh thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_T12 | LMK_T12LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the twelfth thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_T2 | LMK_T02LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the second thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_T3 | LMK_T03LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the third thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_T4 | LMK_T04LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the fourth thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_T5 | LMK_T05LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the fifth thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_T6 | LMK_T06LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the sixth thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_T7 | LMK_T07LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the seventh thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_T8 | LMK_T08LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the eighth thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_lower_plate_of_T9 | LMK_T09LowerMid | Center of the lower plate of the nineth thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_of_lateral_edge_of_posterior_surface_of_left_calcaneus | FCL_L | Center of the lateral edge of the posterior surface of the calcaneus | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Center_of_lateral_edge_of_posterior_surface_of_right_calcaneus | FCL_R | Center of the lateral edge of the posterior surface of the calcaneus | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Center_of_medial_edge_of_posterior_surface_of_left_calcaneus | FCM_L | Center of the medial edge of the posterior surface of the calcaneus | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Center_of_medial_edge_of_posterior_surface_of_right_calcaneus | FCM_R | Center of the medial edge of the posterior surface of the calcaneus | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Center_of_posterior_calcaneal_face_of_left_foot | FCC_L | Middle of the medial and lateral edges of the calcaneus | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Center_of_posterior_calcaneal_face_of_right_foot | FCC_R | Middle of the medial and lateral edges of the calcaneus | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_C2 | | Center of the upper plate of the second cervical vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Axis | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_C3 | LMK_C3UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the third cervical vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_C4 | LMK_C4UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the fourth cervical vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_C5 | LMK_C5UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the fifth cervical vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_C6 | LMK_C6UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the sixth cervical vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_C7 | LMK_C7UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the seventh cervical vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_L1 | LMK_L1UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the first lumbar vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_L2 | LMK_L2UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the second lumbar vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_L3 | LMK_L3UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the third lumbar vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_L4 | LMK_L4UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the fourth lumbar vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_L5 | LMK_L5UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the fifth lumbar vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_T1 | LMK_T01UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the first thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_T10 | LMK_T10UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the tenth thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_T11 | LMK_T11UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the eleventh thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_T12 | LMK_T12UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the twelfth thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_T2 | LMK_T02UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the second thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_T3 | LMK_T03UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the third thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_T4 | LMK_T04UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the fourth thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_T5 | LMK_T05UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the fifth thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_T6 | LMK_T06UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the sixth thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_T7 | LMK_T07UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the seventh thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_T8 | LMK_T08UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the eighth thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Center_upper_plate_of_T9 | LMK_T09UpperMid | Center of the upper plate of the nineth thoracic vertebra ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Clavicle_CAE_L | Anterior_convexity_of_the_left_clavicle | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_clavicle | |
| Clavicle_CAE_R | Anterior_convexity_of_the_right_clavicle | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_clavicle | |
| Clavicle_CSJ_L | Sternoclavicular_joint_of_the_left_clavicle | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_clavicle | |
| Clavicle_CSJ_R | Sternoclavicular_joint_of_the_right_clavicle | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_clavicle | |
| Corner_of_the_eye_L | LMK_SLC_L | Undepressed skin surface point at the lateral junction of the upper and lower eyelids | | |
| Corner_of_the_eye_L_on_skull | | corner of the left eye but on skull ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Corner_of_the_eye_R | LMK_SLC_R | Undepressed skin surface point at the lateral junction of the upper and lower eyelids | | |
| Corner_of_the_eye_R_on_skull | | corner of the right eye but on skull ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Crest_tubercle_L | LMK_ICT_L, Crest_tubercle_Left | Widening of the anterior part of the iliac crest ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Left_hip_bone | |
| Crest_tubercle_R | LMK_ICT_R, Crest_tubercle_Right | Widening of the anterior part of the iliac crest ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Right_hip_bone | |
| DC1 | | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Atlas | |
| DC2 | | | Axis | |
| Distal_phalanx_of_the_big_toe_of_the_left_foot | Foot_BD6_L | Distal phalanx of the big toe (6=big toe 10=fifth toe): at the center of the proximal epiphysis just distal to the joint edge | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Distal_phalanx_of_the_big_toe_of_the_right_foot | BD6_R, Foot_BD6_R | Distal phalanx of the big toe (6=big toe 10=fifth toe): at the center of the proximal epiphysis just distal to the joint edge | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Distal_phalanx_of_the_fifth_toe_of_the_left_foot | Foot_BD10_L | Distal phalanx of the second toe (6=big toe 10=fifth toe): at the center of the proximal epiphysis just distal to the joint edge | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Distal_phalanx_of_the_fifth_toe_of_the_right_foot | BD10_R, Foot_BD10_R | Distal phalanx of the second toe (6=big toe 10=fifth toe): at the center of the proximal epiphysis just distal to the joint edge | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Distal_phalanx_of_the_second_toe_of_the_left_foot | Foot_BD7_L | Distal phalanx of the second toe (6=big toe 10=fifth toe): at the center of the proximal epiphysis just distal to the joint edge | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Distal_phalanx_of_the_second_toe_of_the_right_foot | BD7_R, Foot_BD7_R | Distal phalanx of the second toe (6=big toe 10=fifth toe): at the center of the proximal epiphysis just distal to the joint edge | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Dorsal_point_of_left_acromioclavicular_joint | LMK_CAJ_L, Dorsal_point_of_acromioclavicular_joint_L, Clavicle_CAJ_L, AC_L | Most dorsal point on the acromioclavicular joint (shared with the scapula) ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_clavicle | |
| Dorsal_point_of_right_acromioclavicular_joint | LMK_CAJ_R, Dorsal_point_of_acromioclavicular_joint_R, Clavicle_CAJ_R, AC_R | Most dorsal point on the acromioclavicular joint (shared with the scapula) ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_clavicle | |
| Dorsal_tubercule_of_left_radius | Dorsal_tubercule_of_radius_L, Radius_RDT_L | Ridge between radioscaphoid fossa and radioulna fossa ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_radius | |
| Dorsal_tubercule_of_right_radius | Dorsal_tubercule_of_radius_R, Radius_RDT_R | Ridge between radioscaphoid fossa and radioulna fossa ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_radius | |
| External_occipital_protuberance | LMK_SOP, Skull_SOP | Largest protuberance located at the posterorior aspect of the occipital bone ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | FMA |
| Femur_FAM_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FAM_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FBE_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FBE_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FCH1_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FCH1_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FCH2_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FCH2_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FCH3_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FCH3_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FCH4_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FCH4_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FCH5_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FCH5_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FCH6_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FCH6_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FLC_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FLC_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FLG_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FLG_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FMC_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FMC_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FMG_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FMG_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FMS_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FMS_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FPS_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FPS_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FTA_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FTA_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FTP_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FTP_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Femur_FUE_L | | | Left_femur | |
| Femur_FUE_R | | | Right_femur | |
| Fibula_FAL_L | | | Left_fibula | |
| Fibula_FAL_R | | | Right_fibula | |
| Fibula_FNE_L | | | Left_fibula | |
| Fibula_FNE_R | | | Right_fibula | |
| Foot_BC10_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_BC10_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_BC7_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_BC7_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_BC8_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_BC8_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_BC9_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_BC9_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_BD8_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_BD8_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_BD9_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_BD9_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_BP10_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_BP10_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_BP6_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_BP6_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_BP7_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_BP7_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_BP8_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_BP8_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_BP9_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_BP9_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_CL10_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_CL10_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_CL7_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_CL7_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_CL8_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_CL8_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_CL9_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_CL9_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_CM10_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_CM10_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_CM7_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_CM7_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_CM8_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_CM8_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_CM9_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_CM9_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_DL10_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_DL10_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_DL6_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_DL6_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_DL7_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_DL7_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_DL8_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_DL8_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_DL9_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_DL9_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_DM10_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_DM10_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_DM6_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_DM6_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_DM7_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_DM7_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_DM8_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_DM8_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_DM9_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_DM9_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_FGA_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_FGA_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_FM1_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_FM1_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_FM2_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_FM2_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_FM3_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_FM3_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_FM4_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_FM4_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_FM5_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_FM5_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_FMT_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_FNT_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_FNT_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_FPT_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_FPT_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_FST_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_FST_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_MT_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_MT_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_PL10_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_PL10_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_PL6_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_PL6_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_PL7_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_PL7_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_PL8_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_PL8_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_PL9_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_PL9_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_PM10_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_PM10_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_PM6_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_PM6_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_PM7_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_PM7_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_PM8_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_PM8_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Foot_PM9_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Foot_PM9_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Glabella | LMK_SGL | Most forward projection of the frontal bone in the midline at the level of the brow ridges ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Greater_tubercle_of_the_left_humerus | HGT_L, Humerus_HGT_L | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_humerus | |
| Greater_tubercle_of_the_right_humerus | HGT_R, Humerus_HGT_R | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_humerus | |
| Hand_BC2_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_BC2_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_BC3_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_BC3_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_BC4_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_BC4_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_BC5_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_BC5_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_BD1_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_BD1_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_BD2_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_BD2_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_BD3_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_BD3_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_BD4_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_BD4_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_BD5_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_BD5_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_BP1_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_BP1_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_BP2_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_BP2_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_BP3_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_BP3_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_BP4_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_BP4_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_BP5_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_BP5_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_CL2_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_CL2_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_CL3_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_CL3_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_CL4_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_CL4_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_CL5_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_CL5_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_CM2_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_CM2_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_CM3_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_CM3_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_CM4_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_CM4_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_CM5_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_CM5_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_DL1_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_DL1_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_DL2_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_DL2_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_DL3_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_DL3_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_DL4_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_DL4_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_DL5_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_DL5_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_DM1_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_DM1_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_DM2_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_DM2_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_DM3_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_DM3_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_DM4_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_DM4_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_DM5_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_DM5_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_HHH_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_HHH_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_HL2_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_HL2_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_HL3_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_HL3_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_HL4_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_HL4_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_HM1_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_HM1_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_HM2_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_HM2_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_HM3_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_HM3_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_HM4_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_HM4_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_HM5_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_HM5_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_HNT_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_HNT_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_HPI_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_HPI_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_MB1_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_MB1_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_MB2_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_MB2_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_MB3_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_MB3_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_MB4_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_MB4_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_MB5_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_MB5_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_MSL_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_MSL_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_MSM_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_MSM_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_PL1_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_PL1_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_PL2_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_PL2_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_PL3_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_PL3_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_PL4_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_PL4_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_PL5_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_PL5_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_PM1_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_PM1_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_PM2_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_PM2_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_PM3_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_PM3_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_PM4_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_PM4_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Hand_PM5_L | | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Hand_PM5_R | | | Skeleton_of_right_hand | |
| Head_center_of_left_femur | head_center_femur_L, Femur_FCH_L | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_femur | |
| Head_center_of_left_humerus | Head_center_of_humerus_L, GH_L | glenohumeral center of rotation ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_humerus | |
| Head_center_of_right_femur | head_center_femur_R, Femur_FCH_R | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_femur | |
| Head_center_of_right_humerus | Head_center_of_humerus_R, GH_R | glenohumeral center of rotation ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_humerus | |
| Head_of_the_left_talus | FHE_L | The head of the talus is located on the most anterior aspect of the bone. It has a relatively sharp superior edge. | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Head_of_the_right_talus | FHE_R | The head of the talus is located on the most anterior aspect of the bone. It has a relatively sharp superior edge. | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| Humerus_HDT_L | | | Left_humerus | |
| Humerus_HDT_R | | | Right_humerus | |
| Humerus_HLT_L | | | Left_humerus | |
| Humerus_HLT_R | | | Right_humerus | |
| Humerus_HML_L | | | Left_humerus | |
| Humerus_HML_R | | | Right_humerus | |
| Humerus_HMU_L | | | Left_humerus | |
| Humerus_HMU_R | | | Right_humerus | |
| Ilium_IPP_L | Ilium_pubic_spine_left | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Pelvic_skeleton | |
| Ilium_IPP_R | Ilium_pubic_spine_right | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Pelvic_skeleton | |
| Incisive | LMK_JIN | Protuberance between the two lower incisors ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Mandible | |
| Inferior_angle_of_left_scapula | SIA_L | | Left_scapula | |
| Inferior_angle_of_right_scapula | SIA_R | | Right_scapula | |
| Inferior_crest_of_the_jaw | LMK_JIC | Inferior edge of the jaw bone ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Mandible | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_L1 | LMK_LV1 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_L2 | LMK_LV2 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_L3 | LMK_LV3 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_L4 | LMK_LV4 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_L5 | LMK_LV5 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T1 | LMK_TV01 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T10 | LMK_TV10 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T11 | LMK_TV11 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T12 | LMK_TV12 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T2 | LMK_TV02 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T3 | LMK_TV03 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T4 | LMK_TV04 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T5 | LMK_TV05 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T6 | LMK_TV06 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T7 | LMK_TV07 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T8 | LMK_TV08 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Inferior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T9 | LMK_TV09 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Infraorbital_Foramen_L | LMK_SIF_L | Center of the small depressed Foramen found under the orbit | Skull | |
| Infraorbital_Foramen_R | LMK_SIF_R | Center of the small depressed Foramen found under the orbit | Skull | |
| LMK_C0_SZR_L | Skull_SZR_L | | Skull | |
| LMK_C0_SZR_R | Skull_SZR_R | | Skull | |
| LMK_C3TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_C3 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| LMK_C3TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_C3 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| LMK_C4TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_C4 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| LMK_C4TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_C4 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| LMK_C5TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_C5 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| LMK_C5TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_C5 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| LMK_C6TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_C6 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| LMK_C6TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_C6 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| LMK_C7TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_C7 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| LMK_C7TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_C7 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| LMK_L1TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_L1 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| LMK_L1TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_L1 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| LMK_L2TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_L2 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| LMK_L2TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_L2 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| LMK_L3TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_L3 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| LMK_L3TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_L3 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| LMK_L4TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_L4 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| LMK_L4TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_L4 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| LMK_L5TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_L5 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| LMK_L5TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_L5 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| LMK_T01TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_T1 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T01TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_T1 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T02TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_T2 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T02TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_T2 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T03TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_T3 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T03TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_T3 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T04TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_T4 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T04TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_T4 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T05TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_T5 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T05TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_T5 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T06TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_T6 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T06TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_T6 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T07TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_T7 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T07TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_T7 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T08TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_T8 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T08TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_T8 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T09TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_T9 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T09TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_T9 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T10TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_T10 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T10TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_T10 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T11TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_T11 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T11TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_T11 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T12TransProc_L | Tip_of_left_transverse_process_of_T12 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| LMK_T12TransProc_R | Tip_of_right_transverse_process_of_T12 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Lateral_aspect_of_olecranon_of_the_left_ulna | UOL_L, Ulna_UOL_L | | Left_ulna | |
| Lateral_aspect_of_olecranon_of_the_right_ulna | UOL_R, Ulna_UOL_R | | Right_ulna | |
| Lateral_aspect_of_rib_4_L | LMK_RL4_L | Lateral aspect of the rib | Left_fourth_rib | |
| Lateral_aspect_of_rib_4_R | LMK_RL4_R | Lateral aspect of the rib | Right_fourth_rib | |
| Lateral_aspect_of_rib_5_L | LMK_RL5_L | Lateral aspect of the rib | Left_fifth_rib | |
| Lateral_aspect_of_rib_5_R | LMK_RL5_R | Lateral aspect of the rib | Right_fifth_rib | |
| Lateral_aspect_of_rib_6_L | LMK_RL6_L | Lateral aspect of the rib | Left_sixth_rib | |
| Lateral_aspect_of_rib_6_R | LMK_RL6_R | Lateral aspect of the rib | Right_sixth_rib | |
| Lateral_aspect_of_rib_7_L | LMK_RL7_L | Lateral aspect of the rib | Left_seventh_rib | |
| Lateral_aspect_of_rib_7_R | LMK_RL7_R | Lateral aspect of the rib | Right_seventh_rib | |
| Lateral_epicondyle_of_left_femur | LLATEPIC, Femur_FLE_L, FEL_L | most lateral point on lateral epicondyle ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_femur | Kepple1997 |
| Lateral_epicondyle_of_left_humerus | Lateral_epicondyle_of_humerus_L, Humerus_HLE_L, EL_L | most caudal point on lateral epicondyle ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_humerus | FMA |
| Lateral_epicondyle_of_right_femur | RLATEPIC, Femur_FLE_R, FEL_R | most lateral point on lateral epicondyle ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_femur | FMA, Kepple1997 |
| Lateral_epicondyle_of_right_humerus | Lateral_epicondyle_of_humerus_R, Humerus_HLE_R, EL_R | most caudal point on lateral epicondyle ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_humerus | FMA |
| Lateral_left_rib_1 | | lateral point on the left first rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_first_rib | |
| Lateral_left_rib_10 | | lateral point on the left tenth rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_tenth_rib | |
| Lateral_left_rib_2 | | lateral point on the left second rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_second_rib | |
| Lateral_left_rib_3 | | lateral point on the left third rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_third_rib | |
| Lateral_left_rib_4 | | lateral point on the left fourth rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_fourth_rib | |
| Lateral_left_rib_5 | | lateral point on the left fifth rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_fifth_rib | |
| Lateral_left_rib_6 | | lateral point on the left sixth rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_sixth_rib | |
| Lateral_left_rib_7 | | lateral point on the left seventh rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_seventh_rib | |
| Lateral_left_rib_8 | | lateral point on the left eighth rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_eighth_rib | |
| Lateral_left_rib_9 | | lateral point on the left ninth rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_ninth_rib | |
| Lateral_point_lateral_condyle_of_left_tibia | Lateral_point_lateral_condyle_of_tibia_L, LC_L | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_tibia | |
| Lateral_point_lateral_condyle_of_right_tibia | Lateral_point_lateral_condyle_of_tibia_R, LC_R | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_tibia | |
| Lateral_point_on_distal_phalanx_of_the_left_auricular | Hand_HL5_L, HL5_L | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Lateral_point_on_distal_phalanx_of_the_left_thumb | HL1_L, Hand_HL1_L | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Lateral_point_on_distal_phalanx_of_the_right_auricular | Hand_HL5_R, HL5_R | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Lateral_point_on_distal_phalanx_of_the_right_thumb | HL1_R, Hand_HL1_R | | Skeleton_of_left_hand | |
| Lateral_point_on_greater_trochanter_of_the_left_femur | FTC_L, Femur_FTC_L | Most lateral point at mid heifght of the greater trochanter ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_femur | |
| Lateral_point_on_greater_trochanter_of_the_right_femur | FTC_R, Femur_FTC_R | Most lateral point at mid heifght of the greater trochanter ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_femur | |
| Lateral_right_rib_1 | | lateral point on the right first rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_first_rib | |
| Lateral_right_rib_10 | | lateral point on the right tenth rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_tenth_rib | |
| Lateral_right_rib_2 | | lateral point on the right second rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_second_rib | |
| Lateral_right_rib_3 | | lateral point on the right third rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_third_rib | |
| Lateral_right_rib_4 | | lateral point on the right fourth rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_fourth_rib | |
| Lateral_right_rib_5 | | lateral point on the right fifth rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_fifth_rib | |
| Lateral_right_rib_6 | | lateral point on the right sixth rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_sixth_rib | |
| Lateral_right_rib_7 | | lateral point on the right seventh rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_seventh_rib | |
| Lateral_right_rib_8 | | lateral point on the right eighth rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_eighth_rib | |
| Lateral_right_rib_9 | | lateral point on the right ninth rib (frontal plane between spine and sternum); used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_ninth_rib | |
| Left_Femur_Lesser_Trochanter | | in the middle ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_femur | |
| Left_acetabular_center | LHJCPEL, Cotyle_L, Ilium_IAC_L | Center of the Left acetabular cup ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Left_hip_bone | Kepple1997 |
| Left_anterior_inferior_iliac_spine | LAIIS, anterior_inferior_iliac_spine_L | Left Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine | Pelvic_skeleton | FMA, Kepple1997 |
| Left_anterior_superior_iliac_spine | LASIS, anterior_superior_iliac_spine_L, Ilium_IAS_L, ASIS_L | Left Anterior Superior Iliac Spine ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Left_hip_bone | FMA, Kepple1997 |
| Left_clavicle_acromioclavicular_joint | | center of articular face of acromioclavicular joint on clavicle | Left_clavicle | |
| Left_clavicle_sternoclavicular_joint | | center of articular face of sternoclavicular joint on clavicle | Left_clavicle | |
| Left_ischial_tuberosity | ischial_tuberosity_L, Ilium_IIT_L | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Left_hip_bone | |
| Left_jaw_angle | LMK_JAN_L, Jaw_Angle_L | Lower posterior corner of the body and ramus of the jaw ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Mandible | |
| Left_mastoid_process | LMK_SMP_L, Skull_SMP_L | The mastoid process is found at the posterolateral aspect of the skull. It is a large protuberance for the origin of the sternoc... <Preview truncated at 128 characters> ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | FMA |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C3 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C4 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C5 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C6 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C7 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L1 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L2 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L3 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L4 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L5 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T1 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T10 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T11 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T12 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T2 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T3 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T4 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T5 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T6 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T7 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T8 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T9 | | the left point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C2 | LMK_C2LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Axis | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C3 | LMK_C3LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C4 | LMK_C4LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C5 | LMK_C5LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C6 | LMK_C6LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C7 | LMK_C7LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L1 | LMK_L1LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L2 | LMK_L2LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L3 | LMK_L3LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L4 | LMK_L4LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L5 | LMK_L5LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T1 | LMK_T01LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T10 | LMK_T10LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T11 | LMK_T11LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T12 | LMK_T12LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T2 | LMK_T02LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T3 | LMK_T03LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T4 | LMK_T04LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T5 | LMK_T05LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T6 | LMK_T06LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T7 | LMK_T07LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T8 | LMK_T08LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T9 | LMK_T09LowerLeftEnd | Left point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C3 | LMK_C3UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C4 | LMK_C4UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C5 | LMK_C5UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C6 | LMK_C6UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C7 | LMK_C7UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L1 | LMK_L1UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L2 | LMK_L2UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L3 | LMK_L3UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L4 | LMK_L4UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L5 | LMK_L5UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T1 | LMK_T01UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T10 | LMK_T10UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T11 | LMK_T11UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T12 | LMK_T12UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T2 | LMK_T02UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T3 | LMK_T03UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T4 | LMK_T04UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T5 | LMK_T05UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T6 | LMK_T06UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T7 | LMK_T07UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T8 | LMK_T08UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T9 | LMK_T09UpperLeftEnd | Left point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Left_point_on_the_middle_section_of_the_sternum | | is used to define the width of the sternum ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sternum | |
| Left_porion | | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Left_posterior_superior_iliac_spine | LPSIS, posterior_superior_iliac_spine_L, Ilium_IPS_L, PSIS_L | Left Posterior Superior Iliac Spine ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Left_hip_bone | FMA, Kepple1997 |
| Left_scapula_acromioclavicular_joint | | center of articular face of acromioclavicular joint on scapula | Left_scapula | |
| Left_sternum_sternoclavicular_joint | SC1 | center of articular face of sternoclavicular joint on sternum ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sternum | |
| Left_tibial_tuberosity | | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_tibia | FMA |
| Left_tip_of_the_spinous_process_of_C1 | LMK_C2Spinous_L, CV2_2 | | Axis | |
| Left_tip_of_the_spinous_process_of_C3 | LMK_C3Spinous_L, CV3_2 | | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_tip_of_the_spinous_process_of_C4 | LMK_C4Spinous_L, CV4_2 | | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_tip_of_the_spinous_process_of_C5 | LMK_C5Spinous_L, CV5_2 | | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Left_tip_of_the_spinous_process_of_C6 | LMK_C6Spinous_L, CV6_2 | | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Lower_articular_facet_of_C1_L | LMK_C1LowerLatFacet_L | Lowest most lateral point ont the articular facet ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Atlas | |
| Lower_articular_facet_of_C1_R | LMK_C1LowerLatFacet_R | Lowest most lateral point ont the articular facet ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Atlas | |
| Lower_articular_facet_of_C2_L | LMK_C2LowerLatFacet_L | Lowest point ont the articular facet ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Axis | |
| Lower_articular_facet_of_C2_R | LMK_C2LowerLatFacet_R | Lowest point ont the articular facet ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Axis | |
| Manubriosternal_joint | LMK_SME | Palpated edge of the manubriosternal joint. Located at the level of the second pair of costal cartilage ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sternum | |
| Medial_epicondyle_of_left_femur | LMEDEPIC, Femur_FME_L, FEM_L | most medial point on medial epicondyle ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_femur | Kepple1997 |
| Medial_epicondyle_of_left_humerus | Medial_epicondyle_of_humerus_L, Humerus_HME_L, EM_L | most caudal point on medial epicondyle ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_humerus | FMA |
| Medial_epicondyle_of_right_femur | RMEDEPIC, Femur_FME_R, FEM_R | most medial point on medial epicondyle ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_femur | FMA, Kepple1997 |
| Medial_epicondyle_of_right_humerus | Medial_epicondyle_of_humerus_R, Humerus_HME_R, EM_R | most caudal point on medial epicondyle ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_humerus | FMA |
| Medial_point_medial_condyle_of_left_tibia | LTIMEDPLAT, Medial_point_medial_condyle_of_tibia_L, MC_L | most medial point on medial tibial plateau ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_tibia | Kepple1997 |
| Medial_point_medial_condyle_of_right_tibia | RTIMEDPLAT, Medial_point_medial_condyle_of_tibia_R, LMK_RTIMEDPLAT, MC_R | most medial point on medial tibial plateau ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_tibia | Kepple1997 |
| Medial_point_of_the_upper_articular_facet_of_C2_L | LMK_C2UpperMedFacet_L | Medial point of the upper articular facet of C2 | Axis | |
| Medial_point_of_the_upper_articular_facet_of_C2_R | LMK_C2UpperMedFacet_R | Medial point of the upper articular facet of C2 | Axis | |
| Mental_protuberance_of_the_jaw | LMK_JMP | Protuberance at the anterior face of the jaw bone (upper ridge not apex below) | Mandible | |
| Midpoint_of_intercondylar_line_of_the_left_femur | | middle of the intercondylar line at the end of the notch ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_femur | |
| Midpoint_of_intercondylar_line_of_the_right_femur | | middle of the intercondylar line at the end of the notch ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_femur | |
| Most_posterior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_C2 | LMK_CV2, CV2 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Axis | |
| Most_posterior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_C3 | LMK_CV3, CV3 | | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Most_posterior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_C4 | LMK_CV4, CV4 | | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Most_posterior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_C5 | LMK_CV5, CV5 | | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Most_posterior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_C6 | LMK_CV6, CV6 | | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Most_posterior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_C7 | LMK_CV7, CV7 | | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Nasion | LMK_SNA | Center of the depression between the orbits ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Neck_of_the_left_talus | FNK_L | The neck of the talus is located between the head and the trochlea | Skeleton_of_left_foot | |
| Neck_of_the_right_talus | FNK_R | The neck of the talus is located between the head and the trochlea | Skeleton_of_right_foot | |
| PatellaL_anterior_proximal | | proximal point on the anterior side of the patella ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_patella | |
| PatellaL_posterior_center | | the center of the posterior surface of the patella ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_patella | |
| PatellaL_posterior_proximal | | proximal point on the posterior side of the patella ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_patella | |
| PatellaR_anterior_proximal | | proximal point on the anterior side of the patella ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_patella | |
| PatellaR_posterior_center | | the center of the posterior surface of the patella ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_patella | |
| PatellaR_posterior_proximal | | proximal point on the posterior side of the patella ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_patella | |
| Patella_PAX_L | PatellaL_distal | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_patella | |
| Patella_PAX_R | PatellaR_distal | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_patella | |
| Patella_PCE_L | PatellaL_anterior_center | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_patella | |
| Patella_PCE_R | PatellaR_anterior_center | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_patella | |
| Patella_PLE_L | PatellaL_lateral | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_patella | |
| Patella_PLE_R | PatellaR_lateral | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_patella | |
| Patella_PME_L | PatellaL_medial | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_patella | |
| Patella_PME_R | PatellaR_medial | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_patella | |
| Posterior_Inferior_Iliac_Spine_L | LMK_IPI_L, Posterior_Inferior_Iliac_Spine_Left | Prominence located below the posterior iliac spine ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Left_hip_bone | |
| Posterior_Inferior_Iliac_Spine_R | LMK_IPI_R, Posterior_Inferior_Iliac_Spine_Right | Prominence located below the posterior iliac spine ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Right_hip_bone | |
| Posterior_arch_of_C1 | LMK_C1PostArch | Most posterior point of the posterior arch ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Atlas | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_left_eighth_rib | Extr_r08L, Extremity_of_left_rib8 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Left_eighth_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_left_eleventh_rib | Extr_r11L, Extremity_of_left_rib11 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Left_eleventh_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_left_fifth_rib | Extr_r05L, Extremity_of_left_rib5 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Left_fifth_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_left_first_rib | Extr_r01L, Extremity_of_left_rib1 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Left_first_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_left_fourth_rib | Extr_r04L, Extremity_of_left_rib4 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Left_fourth_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_left_ninth_rib | Extr_r09L, Extremity_of_left_rib9 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Left_ninth_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_left_second_rib | Extr_r02L, Extremity_of_left_rib2 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Left_second_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_left_seventh_rib | Extr_r07L, Extremity_of_left_rib7 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Left_seventh_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_left_sixth_rib | Extr_r06L, Extremity_of_left_rib6 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Left_sixth_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_left_tenth_rib | Extr_r10L, Extremity_of_left_rib10 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Left_tenth_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_left_third_rib | Extr_r03L, Extremity_of_left_rib3 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Left_third_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_left_twelfth_rib | Extr_r12L, Extremity_of_left_rib12 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Left_twelfth_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_right_eighth_rib | Extr_r08R, Extremity_of_right_rib8 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Right_eighth_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_right_eleventh_rib | Extr_r11R, Extremity_of_right_rib11 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Right_eleventh_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_right_fifth_rib | Extr_r05R, Extremity_of_right_rib5 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Right_fifth_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_right_first_rib | Extr_r01R, Extremity_of_right_rib1 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Right_first_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_right_fourth_rib | Extr_r04R, Extremity_of_right_rib4 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Right_fourth_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_right_ninth_rib | Extr_r09R, Extremity_of_right_rib9 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Right_ninth_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_right_second_rib | Extr_r02R, Extremity_of_right_rib2 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Right_second_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_right_seventh_rib | Extr_r07R, Extremity_of_right_rib7 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Right_seventh_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_right_sixth_rib | Extr_r06R, Extremity_of_right_rib6 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Right_sixth_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_right_tenth_rib | Extr_r10R, Extremity_of_right_rib10 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Right_tenth_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_right_third_rib | Extr_r03R, Extremity_of_right_rib3 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Right_third_rib | |
| Posterior_extremity_of_the_right_twelfth_rib | Extr_r12R, Extremity_of_right_rib12 | point at the posterior extremity of the rib | Right_twelfth_rib | |
| Posterior_intercondylar_area_of_the_left_tibia | | insertion of PCL ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_tibia | |
| Posterior_intercondylar_area_of_the_right_tibia | | insertion of PCL ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_tibia | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C3 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C4 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C5 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C6 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C7 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L1 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L2 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L3 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L4 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L5 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T1 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T10 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T11 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T12 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T2 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T3 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T4 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T5 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T6 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T7 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T8 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T9 | | the posterior point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C2 | LMK_C2LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Axis | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C3 | LMK_C3LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C4 | LMK_C4LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C5 | LMK_C5LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C6 | LMK_C6LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C7 | LMK_C7LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L1 | LMK_L1LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L2 | LMK_L2LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L3 | LMK_L3LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L4 | LMK_L4LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L5 | LMK_L5LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T1 | LMK_T01LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T10 | LMK_T10LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T11 | LMK_T11LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T12 | LMK_T12LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T2 | LMK_T02LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T3 | LMK_T03LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T4 | LMK_T04LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T5 | LMK_T05LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T6 | LMK_T06LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T7 | LMK_T07LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T8 | LMK_T08LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T9 | LMK_T09LowerRearEnd | Posterior point of the inferior end-plate | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_sacral_plate | DS, Most_posterior_point_sacral_plate | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Pelvic_skeleton | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C3 | LMK_C3UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C4 | LMK_C4UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C5 | LMK_C5UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C6 | LMK_C6UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C7 | LMK_C7UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L1 | LMK_L1UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L2 | LMK_L2UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L3 | LMK_L3UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L4 | LMK_L4UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L5 | LMK_L5UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T1 | LMK_T01UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T10 | LMK_T10UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T11 | LMK_T11UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T12 | LMK_T12UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T2 | LMK_T02UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T3 | LMK_T03UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T4 | LMK_T04UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T5 | LMK_T05UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T6 | LMK_T06UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T7 | LMK_T07UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T8 | LMK_T08UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Posterior_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T9 | LMK_T09UpperRearEnd | Posterior point of the superior end-plate | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Pubic_symphysis | LMK_IPJ_M, Ilium_IPJ | Middle point between left and right anterior angles of the pubic joint | Right_hip_bone | |
| Pubic_symphysis_of_the_left_hip | LMK_IPJ_L | Pubic symphisis | Left_hip_bone | |
| Pubic_symphysis_of_the_right_hip | LMK_IPJ_R | Pubic symphisis | Pelvic_skeleton | |
| Radius_RDE_L | | | Left_radius | |
| Radius_RDE_R | | | Right_radius | |
| Ribs_RL10_L | | | Left_tenth_rib | |
| Ribs_RL10_R | | | Right_tenth_rib | |
| Ribs_RL8_L | | | Left_eighth_rib | |
| Ribs_RL8_R | | | Right_eighth_rib | |
| Ribs_RL9_L | | | Left_ninth_rib | |
| Ribs_RL9_R | | | Right_ninth_rib | |
| Right_Femur_Lesser_Trochanter | | in the middle ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_femur | |
| Right_acetabular_center | RHJCPEL, Cotyle_R, Ilium_IAC_R | Center of the Right acetabular cup ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Right_hip_bone | Kepple1997 |
| Right_anterior_inferior_iliac_spine | RAIIS, anterior_inferior_iliac_spine_R | Right Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine | Pelvic_skeleton | FMA, Kepple1997 |
| Right_anterior_superior_iliac_spine | RASIS, anterior_superior_iliac_spine_R, Ilium_IAS_R, ASIS_R | Right Anterior Superior Iliac Spine ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Right_hip_bone | FMA, Kepple1997 |
| Right_clavicle_acromioclavicular_joint | | center of articular face of acromioclavicular joint on clavicle | Right_clavicle | |
| Right_clavicle_sternoclavicular_joint | | center of articular face of sternoclavicular joint on clavicle | Right_clavicle | |
| Right_ischial_tuberosity | ischial_tuberosity_R, Ilium_IIT_R | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Right_hip_bone | |
| Right_jaw_angle | LMK_JAN_R, Jaw_Angle_R | Lower posterior corner of the body and ramus of the jaw ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Mandible | |
| Right_mastoid_process | LMK_SMP_R, Skull_SMP_R | The mastoid process is found at the posterolateral aspect of the skull. It is a large protuberance for the origin of the sternoc... <Preview truncated at 128 characters> ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | FMA |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C3 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C4 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C5 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C6 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_C7 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L1 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L2 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L3 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L4 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_L5 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T1 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T10 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T11 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T12 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T2 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T3 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T4 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T5 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T6 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T7 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T8 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_midpoint_of_the_body_of_T9 | | the right point on the midplane of the upper and lower vertebral main body surfaces ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C2 | LMK_C2LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Axis | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C3 | LMK_C3LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C4 | LMK_C4LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C5 | LMK_C5LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C6 | LMK_C6LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_C7 | LMK_C7LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L1 | LMK_L1LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L2 | LMK_L2LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L3 | LMK_L3LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L4 | LMK_L4LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_L5 | LMK_L5LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T1 | LMK_T01LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T10 | LMK_T10LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T11 | LMK_T11LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T12 | LMK_T12LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T2 | LMK_T02LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T3 | LMK_T03LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T4 | LMK_T04LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T5 | LMK_T05LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T6 | LMK_T06LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T7 | LMK_T07LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T8 | LMK_T08LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_inferior_plate_of_T9 | LMK_T09LowerRightEnd | Right point of the inferior end-plate (largest dimension) | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C3 | LMK_C3UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C4 | LMK_C4UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C5 | LMK_C5UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C6 | LMK_C6UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_C7 | LMK_C7UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L1 | LMK_L1UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L2 | LMK_L2UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L3 | LMK_L3UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L4 | LMK_L4UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_L5 | LMK_L5UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T1 | LMK_T01UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T10 | LMK_T10UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T11 | LMK_T11UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T12 | LMK_T12UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T2 | LMK_T02UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T3 | LMK_T03UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T4 | LMK_T04UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T5 | LMK_T05UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T6 | LMK_T06UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T7 | LMK_T07UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T8 | LMK_T08UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_of_the_superior_plate_of_T9 | LMK_T09UpperRightEnd | Right point of the superior end-plate (largest dimension) | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Right_point_on_the_middle_section_of_the_sternum | | is used to define the width of the sternum ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sternum | |
| Right_porion | | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Right_posterior_superior_iliac_spine | RPSIS, posterior_superior_iliac_spine_R, Ilium_IPS_R, PSIS_R | Right Posterior Superior Iliac Spine ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Right_hip_bone | FMA, Kepple1997 |
| Right_scapula_acromioclavicular_joint | | center of articular face of acromioclavicular joint on scapula | Right_scapula | |
| Right_sternum_sternoclavicular_joint | SC2 | center of articular face of sternoclavicular joint on sternum ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sternum | |
| Right_tibial_tuberosity | RTIATUB, tibial_tuberosity_R, Tibia_TTC_R, TT_R | most anterior point on tibial tubercle ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_tibia | FMA, Kepple1997 |
| Right_tip_of_the_spinous_process_of_C1 | LMK_C2Spinous_R, CV2_1 | | Axis | |
| Right_tip_of_the_spinous_process_of_C3 | LMK_C3Spinous_R, CV3_1 | | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_tip_of_the_spinous_process_of_C4 | LMK_C4Spinous_R, CV4_1 | | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_tip_of_the_spinous_process_of_C5 | LMK_C5Spinous_R, CV5_1 | | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Right_tip_of_the_spinous_process_of_C6 | LMK_C6Spinous_R, CV6_1 | | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| SC3 | | | Sternum | |
| Sacral_hiatus | | Ridge next to the sacral hiatus | Sacrum | |
| Scapula_SRS_L | | | Left_scapula | |
| Scapula_SRS_R | | | Right_scapula | |
| Sigmoid_notch_of_left_radius | Sigmoid_notch_of_radius_L, Radius_RUN_L | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_radius | |
| Sigmoid_notch_of_right_radius | Sigmoid_notch_of_radius_R, Radius_RUN_R | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_radius | |
| Skull_SLE_L | Skull_lower_edge_of_orbit_L | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Skull_SLE_R | Skull_lower_edge_of_orbit_R | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Skull_back | | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Skull_lateral_left | | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Skull_lateral_right | | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Skull_top | | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Spinous_process_of_second_sacral_vertebra | LMK_SS2 | Second posterior eminence on the posterior aspect of the sacrum | Sacrum | |
| Styloid_process_of_left_radius | Styloid_process_of_radius_L, Radius_RSP_L, RS_L | Most caudal-lateral point on the radial styloid ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_radius | FMA |
| Styloid_process_of_left_ulna | Styloid_process_of_ulnar_L, Ulna_USP_L, US_L | Most caudal-medialoint on the ulnar styloid ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_ulna | FMA |
| Styloid_process_of_right_radius | Styloid_process_of_radius_R, Radius_RSP_R, RS_R | Most caudal-lateral point on the radial styloid ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_radius | FMA |
| Styloid_process_of_right_ulna | Styloid_process_of_ulnar_R, Ulna_USP_R, US_R | Most caudal-medial point on the ulnar styloid ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_ulna | FMA |
| Substernale_(xyphoid_process) | LMK_SXS | Joint that separates the sternal body and xiphoid process (normally at the level of the 7th and last pair of ribs that articulat... <Preview truncated at 128 characters> ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sternum | |
| Superior_angle_of_left_scapula | SSA_L | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_scapula | |
| Superior_angle_of_right_scapula | SSA_R | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_scapula | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_C3 | DC3 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_cervical_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_C4 | DC4 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_C5 | DC5 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_C6 | DC6 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_cervical_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_C7 | DC7 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_cervical_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_L1 | DL1 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_L2 | DL2 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_L3 | DL3 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_L4 | DL4 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_L5 | DL5 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_lumbar_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T1 | DT01 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | First_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T10 | DT10 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Tenth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T11 | DT11 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eleventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T12 | DT12 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Twelfth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T2 | DT02 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Second_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T3 | DT03 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Third_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T4 | DT04 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fourth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T5 | DT05 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Fifth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T6 | DT06 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sixth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T7 | DT07 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Seventh_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T8 | DT08 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Eighth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Superior_point_of_tip_of_spinous_process_of_T9 | DT09 | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Ninth_thoracic_vertebra | |
| Supraorbital_notch_L | LMK_SSN_L | Supraorbital notch ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Supraorbital_notch_R | LMK_SSN_R | Supraorbital notch ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Suprasternale_(manubrium)/Jugular_notch | LMK_SJN, Jugular_notch | Superior margin of the jugular notch of the manubrium on the midline of the sternum ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sternum | |
| Tibia_TGT_L | | | Left_tibia | |
| Tibia_TGT_R | | | Right_tibia | |
| Tibia_TLR_L | | | Left_tibia | |
| Tibia_TLR_R | | | Right_tibia | |
| Tibia_TMR_L | | | Left_tibia | |
| Tibia_TMR_R | | | Right_tibia | |
| Tibia_TTC_L | | | Left_tibia | |
| Tibia_TTL_L | | | Left_tibia | |
| Tibia_TTL_R | | | Right_tibia | |
| Tibia_TTM_L | | | Left_tibia | |
| Tibia_TTM_R | | | Right_tibia | |
| Tip_greater_trochanter_of_left_femur | | use middle from side view ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_femur | |
| Tip_greater_trochanter_of_right_femur | | use middle from side view ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_femur | |
| Tip_lateral_malleolus_of_left_fibula | Tip_lateral_malleolus_of_fibula_L, FAL_L | Tip of the malleolus of the fibula ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_fibula | |
| Tip_lateral_malleolus_of_left_fibula_on_skin | Tip_lateral_malleolus_of_fibula_L_onSkin, FAL_L_onSkin, LM_L | Tip of the malleolus of the fibula identified with palpation | | |
| Tip_lateral_malleolus_of_right_fibula | Tip_lateral_malleolus_of_fibula_R, FAL_R | Tip of the malleolus of the fibula ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_fibula | |
| Tip_lateral_malleolus_of_right_fibula_on_skin | Tip_lateral_malleolus_of_fibula_R_onSkin, FAL_R_onSkin, LM_R | Tip of the malleolus of the fibula identified with palpation | | |
| Tip_medial_malleolus_of_left_tibia | Apex_of_the_medial_malleolus_of_the_left_tibia, Tip_medial_malleolus_of_tibia_L, Tibia_TAM_L, MM_L | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_tibia | |
| Tip_medial_malleolus_of_right_tibia | Apex_of_the_medial_malleolus_of_the_right_tibia, Tip_medial_malleolus_of_tibia_R, Tibia_TAM_R, MM_R | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_tibia | |
| Tip_of_the_odeontoid/dens_of_C2 | LMK_C2Tip | Tip of the odeontoid of C2 ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Axis | |
| Trigonum_spinae_of_left_scapula | Trigonum_spinae_of_scapula_L, TS_L | midpoint of the triangular surface on the medial border of the scapula n line with the scapula spine ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_scapula | |
| Trigonum_spinae_of_right_scapula | Trigonum_spinae_of_scapula_R, TS_R | midpoint of the triangular surface on the medial border of the scapula n line with the scapula spine ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_scapula | |
| Tuberosity_of_the_anterior_arch_of_C1 | LMK_C1AntArch | Most anterior point of the anterior arch ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Atlas | |
| Ulna_UCP_L | Coronoid_process_of_left_ulna | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_ulna | |
| Ulna_UCP_R | Coronoid_process_of_right_ulna | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_ulna | |
| Ulna_UHD_L | | | Left_ulna | |
| Ulna_UHD_R | | | Right_ulna | |
| Ulna_UHE_L | | | Left_ulna | |
| Ulna_UHE_R | | | Right_ulna | |
| Ulna_UOA_L | Olecranon_apex_of_the_left_ulna | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_ulna | |
| Ulna_UOA_R | Olecranon_apex_of_the_right_ulna | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_ulna | |
| Ulna_UOB_L | | | Left_ulna | |
| Ulna_UOB_R | | | Right_ulna | |
| Ulna_UOM_L | | | Left_ulna | |
| Ulna_UOM_R | | | Right_ulna | |
| Ulna_URU_L | | | Left_ulna | |
| Ulna_URU_R | | | Right_ulna | |
| Upper_edge_of_the_concave_of_the_left__clavicular_surface | LMK_SCS_L | Upper edge of the concave clavicular surface ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sternum | |
| Upper_edge_of_the_concave_of_the_right__clavicular_surface | LMK_SCS_R | Upper edge of the concave clavicular surface ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Sternum | |
| Upper_point_of_patellar_surface_groove_of_the_left_femur | | upper limit of the groove on the patellar surface of the femur ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_femur | |
| Upper_point_of_patellar_surface_groove_of_the_right_femur | | upper limit of the groove on the patellar surface of the femur ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_femur | |
| VC1 | | ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Atlas | |
| VC2 | | | Axis | |
| Ventral_point_of_left_sternoclavicular_joint | LMK_CAS_L, Ventral_point_of_sternoclavicular_joint_L, Clavicle_CAS_L, SC_L | Most ventral point on the sternoclavicular joint ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_clavicle | |
| Ventral_point_of_right_sternoclavicular_joint | LMK_CAS_R, Ventral_point_of_sternoclavicular_joint_R, Clavicle_CAS_R, SC_R | Most ventral point on the sternoclavicular joint ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_clavicle | |
| Zygomatic_Angle_L | LMK_SZA_L | Lower anterior corner of the zygomatic arch ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| Zygomatic_Angle_R | LMK_SZA_R | Lower anterior corner of the zygomatic arch ; used_for_piper_landmarks | Skull | |
| elbow_joint_radius_L | | | Left_radius | |
| elbow_joint_radius_R | | | Left_radius | |
| knee_joint_tibia_L | | | Left_tibia | |
| knee_joint_tibia_R | | | Right_tibia | |
| rotule_scapula_L | Center_of_scapular_articulated_surface_to_the_left_humerus | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_left | Left_scapula | |
| rotule_scapula_R | Center_of_scapular_articulated_surface_to_the_right_humerus | ; used_for_piper_landmarks_right | Right_scapula | |
1.8.10 
